Covalent immobilization of graphene oxide on biomedical grade CoCr alloy by an improved multilayer system assembly via Silane/GO bonding

Improvements in durable lubrication together with minimized wear are essential for obtaining long-term, functioning metallic joint prostheses. To achieve this objective, CoCr surface was functionalized Graphene Oxide (GO) and characterized by FTIR XPS. alloy subjected to alkalinization order generate high hydroxyl content on the surface. XPS revealed reactive OH groups, enabling intermediate coupling via (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), which cured at 45 °C 75 24 h 30 min, respectively. cross-linked films (Si–O–Si), inferring condensation self-assembly of silane layers, while presence NH2, chemical binding GO. Silane-coated disks were immersed GO solution 60 12h 24h, displayed CC band confirming assembly silane-coated surfaces. three possible mechanisms: (1) reaction between primary amines APTES epoxy groups GO; (2) free –OH carboxyl (3) from Overall, multilayer system CoCr–OH–Si45-GO24h showed covalent functionalization metal substrate a large extension area among all systems studied.